How Lithium Batteries Work

Lithium metal battery:
Lithium metal battery is generally a battery that uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, metal lithium or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
Discharge reaction: Li+MnO2=LiMnO2
Lithium ion battery:
Lithium ion battery is generally a battery that uses lithium alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
The reaction occurring at the positive electrode during charging is
LiCoO2=Li(1-x)CoO2+xLi++xe-(electrons)
The reaction occurring at the negative electrode during charging is
6C+xLi++xe- = LixC6
Total reaction of charging battery: LiCoO2+6C = Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6
Positive electrode reaction: lithium ions are embedded during discharge and de-embedded during charging. During charging: LiFePO4 → Li1-xFePO4 + xLi+ + xe- During discharge: Li1-xFePO4 + xLi+ + xe- → LiFePO4.
Negative electrode
Negative electrode material: Graphite is mostly used. In addition, lithium metal, lithium alloy, silicon-carbon negative electrode, oxide negative electrode materials, etc. can also be used for negative electrodes.
Negative electrode reaction: lithium ions are deintercalated during discharge and intercalated during charging.
When charging: xLi+ + xe- + 6C → LixC6
When discharging: LixC6→ xLi+ + xe- + 6C