Lithium ion
Lithium ion batteries are classified into two categories: liquid lithium ion batteries (LIB) and polymer lithium ion batteries (PLB). Among them, liquid lithium ion batteries refer to secondary batteries with Li + embedded compounds as positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode uses lithium compounds - lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide, and the negative electrode uses lithium-carbon intercalation compounds. Lithium ion batteries are ideal energy carriers for the development of the 21st century due to their high operating voltage, small size, light weight, high energy, no memory effect, no pollution, low self-discharge, and long cycle life.
In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium ion batteries. Its practical application has greatly reduced the weight and volume of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops. The use time is greatly extended. Since lithium ion batteries do not contain heavy metal cadmium, compared with nickel-cadmium batteries, the pollution to the environment is greatly reduced.
There is still pollution from lithium batteries, but it is relatively small.
Nuclear Fusion
Powerful nuclear fusion lithium batteries are also called atomic batteries, nuclear batteries, tritium batteries and radioisotope generators. The terms are used to describe a device that uses energy from the decay of a radioactive isotope to produce electricity. Like nuclear reactors, they produce electricity from atomic energy, but differ in that they do not use a chain reaction. Compared to other batteries, they are very expensive but have an extremely long life and high energy density, so they are used primarily for unmanned operation of equipment that must be operated for long periods of time, such as spacecraft, pacemakers, underwater systems and automated scientific research stations in remote areas of the world as a power source.